Here's my opinion about some of them:
Headphones are really just small speakers, because of that the amplifier that drives them is of great importance to how they sound.
When using "audiophile-type headphones" with higher impedance, it takes a fairly high voltage level to get a reasonable volume. The cheap headphone amplifiers in CD players and preamps simply cannot generate the required voltage swing without clipping off the musical peaks.
For the best sound, we must use imo headphones that have 100 ohms or higher impedance. Most high-quality headphones from companies like Sennheiser, AKG, and Beyerdynamic have impedances in the range of 200 ohms to 600 ohms.
Lower impedance headphones, like most Japanese brands, as well as Grado headphones, are more difficult for a head-amp to drive. Their low impedance causes larger amounts of distortion, especially at high volume levels.
So, here's a few headphones i like:Sennheiser
Sennheiser headphones are imo the best headphones available to the "audiophile". All Sennheiser headphones are good, but my favorite is the HD-600. I think they are flat out the best-sounding dynamic headphones made, especially when driven by a good quality head-amp.
For a little less money, the HD580 is almost the same as the HD-600, at a very attractive price.
AKG Acoustics
AKG is less well-known in the consumer marketplace than Sennheiser, but in the pro audio works, AKG is king. Although AKG makes some great "consumer audiophile" headphones, i like the K240 Monitor headphones, which are part of the AKG professional line. They are a great bargain... they can be found for under 100 €, and they sound great! AKG claims that the K240 is the world's most popular studio headphone, so it's likely that the music you listen to was mastered using K240's....
Beyerdynamic
Beyerdynamic is another European manufacturer that makes headphones similar in quality to AKG and Sennheiser. If you want sealed headphones (that block outside sound) Beyerdynamic makes some of the best. The DT831 is great.
Grado
Grado makes a full line of headphones for the "audiophile". Definitely much brighter sounding (imo), all Grado's have a 32 ohm impedance!!! They work great with only a lower-impedance output amp.
What's your opinion about headphones?